Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are a group of chemical treatment technologies that can be used to effectively degrade and remove organic and inorganic pollutants from water, air, and soil. These processes involve the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through the use of various oxidizing agents such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and UV light. AOPs are known for their ability to significantly degrade a wide range of organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial by-products, into simpler and less toxic substances. They are particularly useful for treating wastewaters from industries such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, and mining, where conventional treatment methods may be ineffective. Some common AOPs include ozonation, Fenton reaction, UV/H2O2, and photocatalysis. These processes can be used alone or in combination to achieve higher efficiency in pollutant removal. Overall, AOPs offer a versatile and efficient solution for the treatment of various types of contaminants in different environmental matrices.